1/23/2023 0 Comments Tay k 3d modelRelevant articles found in references were added as well. After expert consultation, an additional search was performed to include 3D-printing applications referred to as ‘patient specific’ guides and implants. The search headings were ‘3D printing’, ‘three dimensional printing’, ‘additive manufacturing’, and ‘rapid prototyping’. The search strategy was kept broad to ensure no relevant papers were excluded. This resulted in the following research questions: (1) which surgical 3D-printing applications are commonly reported in human medicine? (2) What advantages, disadvantages, and cost consequences do surgical 3D-printing applications have compared to the standard of care?Ī systematic literature review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase. As healthcare budgets are under pressure and both hospitals and doctors desire to improve efficiency, we have included cost and cost effectiveness as variables in the analysis. We attempted to identify domains and usages where the technology is fairly common or has been used several times, and to report its potential advantages and disadvantages. This article gives an overview of the current usage of 3D-printing techniques in human medicine, more specifically surgery, based on a systematic literature review using three major literature databases. The growing surgical applications of 3D printing have made it interesting to analyze the current implementation of this new technology. The need for improved visualization and surgical outcomes has given rise to 3D-printed anatomical models, patient-specific guides, and 3D-printed prosthetics. Additionally, anatomical defects can require custom prosthetics to repair damage as accurately as possible. In some cases, this guidance requires substantial amounts of ionizing radiation and can heavily increase surgical time. 3D-printed objects can be used to study complex cases, to practice procedures, and to teach students and patients.įurthermore, some current surgical procedures are complex and require guidance to avoid damaging essential parts of the body, or to obtain an acceptable esthetic outcome. The recent emergence of three-dimensional renderings of CT, MR, plain radiography, and echo imagery has improved visualization of complex pathologies but lacks tactile qualities. This requires excellent visualization skills from the surgeon. In medicine, the technology has applications in orthopedics, spinal surgery, maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and cardiac surgery, amongst various other disciplines.ĭoctors mostly work with two-dimensional X-ray images or two-dimensional images obtained from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) scans to gain insight into pathologies. It has revolutionized prototyping and found applications in many nonmedical fields. 3D printing allows three-dimensional renderings to be realized as physical objects with the use of a printer. There is a need for a formal cost–effectiveness analysis.ģD printing has become more important in recent decades. Our research suggests that there are several advantages to 3D-printed applications, but that further research is needed to determine whether the increased intervention costs can be balanced with the observable advantages of this new technology. Applications vary from anatomical models mainly intended for surgical planning to surgical guides and implants. ConclusionģD printing is well integrated in surgical practice and research. The costs of printing and additional scans generally increase the overall cost of the procedure. In general, the advantages of 3D-printed parts are said to include reduced surgical time, improved medical outcome, and decreased radiation exposure. 3D printing is used in multiple surgical domains, such as orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, cranial surgery, and spinal surgery. The papers described the use of 3D printing for surgical guides, anatomical models, and custom implants. ResultsĢ27 surgical papers were analyzed and summarized using an evidence table. Three major literature databases were screened for case series (more than three cases described in the same study) and trials of surgical applications of 3D printing in humans. This paper summarizes the literature on surgical 3D-printing applications used on patients, with a focus on reported clinical and economic outcomes. The constantly improving quality of 3D-printing applications has contributed to their increased use on patients. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has numerous applications and has gained much interest in the medical world.
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